Unification Campaign of King Prithvi Narayan Shah On The History Of Nepal

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Introduction about Prithvi Narayan Shah

The responsibility for establishing Greater Nepal comes to a single person titled Prithvi Narayan Shah whose bravery and perspective were the primary justification behind the unified Nepal that we are living in today. He was the first child to King Narabhupal Shah and Queen Kausalyawati.

He had a dream of conquering all the little empires and creating a bigger country that he never gave up and was determined to satisfy. He had all the qualities required to be a good leader and king from the time he was just a small child.

Wrestling and swimming always captured his curiosity, and in his adolescence his bravery was no less than it was in his youthful era or even in his ancient era. It is stated in scripture that his household priest Gorakhnath also got a gift (he will overcome the ground on which he walks). He reached Gorkha’s crown at the era of 20 after his father’s suicide in 1799 BS.

After reaching the crown, his first job was to coach his troops and begin the method of extending his kingdom’s land. He invaded most of the adjacent states and established partnership with the Kings of Kathmandu, Lalitpur (Patan) and Bhaktapur, the three primary towns.

Nuwakot was the ideal location from a commercial point of perspective, and Kathmandu Valley also relied on Nuwakot for commercial reasons. He invaded Nuwakot but was unable to overcome it in the first moment and effectively captured the empire in his second effort. He enjoyed so much Kathmandu’s lovely valley that he wanted to overcome it. He attacked in Kirtipur for the first time but was defeated twice and lost one of Kalu Pandey’s bravest chief of the army.

However, he didn’t offer up and in his fifth effort he effectively conquered the realm. After that, on Indrajatra’s time, his goal switched over to Kathmandu and effectively assaulted it in 1825, then Patan and then Bhaktapur went on the roster.

Although he had established friendship (Mit) relationships with Bhaktapur’s ruler, the bond did not prevent him from fighting, instead letting either withdraw or flea his Mitjiu from there.

He switched his focus to the Eastern and Western empires after conquering these empires. He effectively expanded his land to Darjeeling, now in India, and he dropped ill while preparing an assault on Sikkim.

His illness deteriorated and at the era of 56 he passed. Although he spent most of his time expanding his territory, in his Divya Upadesh (Divine Advice) he also set the guidelines for governance, nationalism and foreign policy. He set out nine values that shaped the basis of the political and domestic lives of Nepal.

In his search to expand his land, he was determined, and he did not take any kind of relationships severely but used them exclusively to fulfill the objective. Regardless of how harsh or rigorous Prithvi Narayan Shah was, it was this brutality and his bravery that enabled him to satisfy his desire to merge the little empires and establish a larger Nepal.

Birth of Prithvi Narayan Shah

About a year ago he instantly climbed to Gorkha’s crown after which he we d Kausalyavati Devi, Gundharva Sen’s sister, Palpa’s King. No kids were conceived from either reign of Nara Bhupal Shah that led him to meet two palace princesses, Buddhimati and Subhadramati.

King Prithvi Narayan Shah was born as the eldest son of King Narabhupal Shah and his second wife Queen Kaushotyawati in the Shah dynasty of Gorkha on 11 January 1723 (27 Poush 1779 B.S.). He grew up under the love, care and supervision of the eldest Queen Chandrapravawati.

Yet subsequently a baby was conceived on the deadline B.S. from Queen Kausalyavati Devi in 1779. The name of the kid is Prithivi Narayan Shah. The Queens ‘ oldest, Chandra Pravawati, took full charge of him.

She taught him the Ramayan, Mahabharat, diplomacy, and politics. He was clever and courageous from his early childhood. He got horse-riding, archery, sword-fighting training when he was a young boy.

Knowledge and education of Prithvi Narayan Shah

From a very young era, Prince Prithivi Narayan Shah demonstrated his greatness. His schooling started by the suitable celebration at the era of five. At that moment, Mokchyeshwor Aryal and Bhanu Aryal were provided the duty to teach him. They were the Upadhyayas who served as astrologers in the palace, where they were also called Jyotish or Jaisi.

Although the Gurus supplied his primary education, the Queen Chandra Pravawati took on the obligation to develop his personality. It is said that seeing the Prince of nearby countries indulged in excessive enjoyment by Tanahun, Lamjung, and Kaski, Chandra Pravawati held Prithivi Narayan Shah free from pleasurable and false activities.

That’s why in his late lives there is no trace of pleasurable activities and distraction. As a consequence, virtuous characteristics like bravery, diligence and favorable personality evolved in him from a youthful era.

He became interested in the politics of the state of his father from a youthful era and quickly started to assume these duties. Prithivi Narayan Shah had a premature vision of conquering Nuwakot, partly because in a previous battle his dad left it to the Kathmandu Mallas.

After his father’s suicide in 1743, at the era of 20, Prithivi Narayan Shah climbed to Gorkha’s crown. As a monarch, he appreciated his individuals and liked discussing their overall issues with his subjects.

This exercise assisted him create a relationship with his individuals and assisted him comprehend Gorkha’s residents ‘ demands. King Shah closed his boundaries and preserved a serene climate except for the British who at the moment refused to trade with Nepal.

Religion

In a Hindu household, Prithvi Narayan Shah was raised. After becoming the correct leader of Kathmandu, he started to follow with all rigors his strategy of excluding and expelling the Europeans.

Nepal ejected the Capuchin missionaries who had previously resided in Nepal and had effectively converted individuals and also acquired territory from the Malla Kings. He called Nepal the real’ Hindustan.’ He recommended the Nepalese people never to abandon the elders ‘ traditional religion.

Economic policy

Prithvi Narayan Shah emphasized the importance of local manufacturing. He was of the concept in his Divya Upadesh that if overseas traders join Nepal they would clean up the nation. In the same sense, he proposed a rejection of carrying overseas dresses and also encourages local people’s instruction in weaving dresses.

He thought that this would not allow local riches to extend out of the nation. He urged Nepali herbs to be sold to overseas soil and brought home to the nation the riches thus achieved. He wished the cash to stay in the nation as well.

Foreign policy

Prithvi Narayan Shah regarded the state of Nepal to be a’ yam between two rocks ‘ relating to north China and south to the’ Emperor of the Seas.’ He proposed Nepal should have a strong relationship with China indefinitely. However, with regard to the British strategy on the South, he suggested maintaining friendliness but advised of their shrewdness as well.

He said,’ The East India Company is currently forcefully occupying Hindustan. If the Hindustanis wake up then they will arrive here (East India Company) in pursuit of secure castles. Therefore, Prithvi Narayan Shah connoted his troops at suitable places to be ready and to construct obstacles and castles.

Defense Policy

The construction of castles was emphasized by Prithvi Narayan Shah. He regarded Nepal’s territory as a real fort built by God Himself. He suggested building one strong fort on each, Shivapuri, Phulchowki, Chandragiri, Mahadevpokhari, Palung, Daapcha, and Kaahule, and placing in each of them ready state cannon.

Prithvi Narayan Shah also proposed the construction of iron doors at the bhanjyangs and the positioning of guns in each of those gates, each in prepared state, which he thought would maintain the nation secure from spies, refugees, assassins, etc.

Unification Campaign of King Prithvi Narayan Shah on History of Nepal

He became the king of Gorkha in 1799 at the age of 20. Prithivinarayan Shah became the king of Gorkha at the age of 20 in 1799 BS. He was a brave, courageous, ambitious and far-sighted King. He was given proper training and education by his elder mother, Chandraprabhawati.

He had known from his early childhood that a nation would be weak if its king and his subjects indulged in pleasure and luxury. His teachers Bhanu Aryal and Maheshwar Patna had made him trained in the art of horse riding, archery and sword fighting. He was interested in politics and diplomacy and had interests in and conquering other countries since his days as a prince.

When Prithvi Narayan Shah became the King, the political environment in the region was not very favorable. The smaller principalities were fighting against one another and the British Empire was expanding. In such a situation, he wanted to expand Gorkha and at the same time foil the evil design of the British by uniting the small kingdoms into a viable nation.

With this in mind, as soon as he ascended the throne, he sat his foot to the task of expanding the Gorkha Rajya, which led to the unification of Nepal. Had he not done this, the divided principalities would have fallen to the British rule.

Prithvi Narayan Shah is known as the founder of modern Nepal. He marked the beginning of the modern period in the history of Nepal. Before him, there were many small principalities in what we have today, modern Nepal.

He laid the foundation of the unification of modern Nepal by conquering the Malla rulers of the Kathmandu Valley: Kantipur, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur. He defeated major principalities and unified them under his rule .He moved the capital of his Gorkha Kingdom to Kathmandu in 1769.

He was able to conquer most of the states in modern day east Nepal and some of the principalities or kingdoms of Baise Rajya, and some of the 24 kingdoms (the Chaubasi Rajya), which were two sets of allies west of the King’s homeland of Gorkha, in what is now called western Nepal.

In the later years, his able son, Bahadur Shah, daughter-in-law, Rajendra Laxmi and Gribanyuddha Bikram Shah completed his unification campaign. The unification campaign was completed in three phases.

Nepal History: Unification Campaign of King Prithvi Narayan Shah

Phase 1: Prithivi Narayan Shah conquered, Nuwakot, Makawanpur, the Kathmandu Valley and most of the states of Eastern Nepal.

Phase2: Rajendra Laxmi Shah and Bahadur Shah conquered and annexed most of the smaller Chaubisi and Baisi states of Gandaki and Karnali regions.

Phase3: During the reign of Girbanyuddha Bikram Shah, Bhimsen Thapa annexed the state of Palpa into Nepal.

Expansion of empire

There was a maximum of 54 countries in Nepal before the unification movement of Prithivi Narayan Shah. There were three Sen countries in the South-East Terai: Makawanpur, Bijayapur, and Chaudandi. There were 24 countries in the West, ranging from Gorkha to Gandaki Province.

There were 22 countries with kingdoms of Kalyan, Samaal, Shahi and Chand in the region of Karnali. Bhaktapur, Kantipur and Lalipur, together with Gorkha and Mustang, formed the following five countries.

When in 1743 A.D. Prithivi Narayan Shah had climbed to Gorkha’s crown, it was still a tiny state. Then he began to contemplate the techniques of turning Gorkha into a enormous and powerful state. He came to Varanasi to obtain first-hand understanding of neighbouring countries and southern India.

During those days, Varanasi was one of India’s big trading centres where individuals from various locations came together. He encountered various kinds of individuals and acquired useful understandings about the Indian Sub-Continent’s political and social situation. His father-in-law Abhiman Singh, a Rajput chief, got some firearms and a lot of ammunition for him in Varanasi.

Unification Campaign Started of Prithvi Narayan in the History of Nepal

Prithvi Narayan’s father Narabhupal Shah was also a brave and wise king. He wanted to expand the territory of Gorkha. He invaded Nuwakot but was badly defeated. Prithivi Narayan Shah was an ambitious person. He wanted to expand Gorkha and foil the evil designs of the British by uniting small kingdoms into a viable nation.

Hence, as soon as he became the king, he attacked Nuwakot in order to continue the task started by his father. But he too was defeated as he had not made proper preparations. At that time, Nuwakot was under Kantipur. The Gorkhali troops weren’t much familiar with the geography of Nuwakot. They also lacked sufficient arms and ammunition.

History of Nepal : First Unsuccessful Invasion and Conquest of Nuwakot

Nuwakot, which was the main trade route to Tibet, and granary of food, was under Kantipur. Prithivinarayan Shah tried to capture Nuwakot first time in 1800 BS.

His first effort at Nuwakot’s annexation succeeded in 1743 CE and his rule started with an instant army victory. It was crucial for unity to conquer Nuwakot as it lies between Kathmandu and the Gorkha District, rendering it a vital trade route to Tibet.

Prithivi Narayan Shah first made measures on his back from Varanasi to Gorkha to overcome Nuwakot in the diplomatic arena. He made a good partnership with Lamjung, Tanahun, and Palpa’s leaders. That accomplished, from three angles, Prithivi Narayan Shah sent a military against Nuwakot.

Knowing that Gorkha will invade them in the close future, Nuwakot’s chief had gone to get assistance from Kantipur’s ruler Jaya Prakash Malla. Thus, the Nuwakot military depicting his dad was ordered by his brother Jayant Rana. Significantly crushed the Nuwakot military in 1744 CE, his nation fell into the fingers of the Gorkhas of Prithivi Narayan Shah.

At that time, Jayanta Rana was the Umarao (Governor) there. He was the Commander of the Gorkhali Army when Prithvi Narayan’s father, Narabhupal Shah attacked Nuwakot. When the attack failed, he was made responsible for it. So he defected and joined Jayaprakash Malla, King of Kantipur. Then Jayaprakash Malla had made him the Chief or Umrao of Nuwakot.

In this first invasion, Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar was the commander of Gorkhali troops. After encamping near Khinchet, when he was waiting for an opportune moment to cross the overflowing Trisuli River, Prithivinarayan Shah sent yet another troops under the command of Maheswar Panta and Bali Pandey to attack Nuwakot.

The Gorkhali troops were defeated. This opened the eyes of Prthivinarayan Shah. He realized that they lacked proper preparation, planning, unity of command, geographical knowledge, intelligence and arms and ammunition.

Prithivi Narayan Shah was not discouraged from his defeat of Nuwakot. He rather realized that there was a need to improve the overall capability of his military. He started preparation for the second invasion of Nuwakot. He traveled to Banaras and collected arms and ammunition with the help of his father-in-law, Abhiman Singh.

He also got some Muslim experts to make guns and to give military training to his soldiers. It was also important for him to make sure that Gorkha itself wasn’t attacked by other neighboring Chaubise states: Lamjung, Tanahu, Kaski and Parbat etc. while it was invading Nuwakot. In fact, Lamjung was an age-old enemy of Gorkha.

So, he sent Kalu Pandey to Lamjung and other emissaries to other states to establish friendly relations. He brought King Ranjit Malta of Bhaktapur also in his favor. Almost a year later, on 2 October 1744, after completing all necessary military and diplomatic preparations, Gorkha under the leadership of Prithvi Narayan Shah himself invaded Nuwakot from three directions: Kalu Pandey through Gerkhu, Kirti Mahoddam Shah from Dharampani and Prithivi Narayan Shah from the front, Ashokbari in 1801 BS. Nuwakot finally fell into Prithvi Narayan’s hands.

Gorkha got a lot of advantages from this victory:

• The  land  around  Nuwakot was fertile, which would help to uplift the economy of Gorkha.
• Nuwakot being situated at the higher ground was suitable for defense.
• It was the western gateway to the Kathmandu valley.
• It was on the trade route between Kathmandu and Tibet.
• The conquest of Nuwakot opened the way to the Kathmandu Valley. Gorkha began to control  areas around the Kathmandu Valley.

First Attack on Kantipur on Nepal History

After the conquest of Nuwakot Prithivi Narayan Shah occupied the eastern parts of Kantipur: Sankhu, Changu, Naldum, Mahadev Pokhari to Dolakho one by one. The Malta rulers of the Kathmandu Valley were then well aware of the design of Gorkha. To check Gorkha from its adventure, they formed a unified front against Gorkha under the leadership of Jaya Prakash Malta.

Prithvi Narayan Shah was over excited and encouraged by his victory over Nuwakot He was too eager to conquer Kirtipur, another important place in Kantipur. Hence, on 19^th Jestha 1814 BS, Gorkhali troops launched an attack on Kirtipur.

But, they were badly defeated by the unified forces (about 3000) of Malta kingdoms of the Kathmandu Valley. They suffered the heavy loss of life (about 400). Kalu Pandey, a trusted commander was killed. Prithivi Narayan Shah luckily saved himself and f!ed to Nuwakot the same night leaving his troops at Dahachowk.

Conquest on Makawanpur in the Nepal’s History

Makawanpur, an important state with fertile land and a trade route to the south of Kathmandu Valley was, in fact, Prithivi Narayan Shah’s saturate. After the death of his father-in-law, King Hemakarna Sen, his brother-in-law, Digbondhon  Sen   became the King of Makawanpur. Prithivi Narayan Shah hadn’t good relation with him from the outset.

The Gorkhas captured Makwanpur in 1763, one of Bengal’s gateways to Nepal. However, the invasion of Makwanpur caused Prithivi Narayan Shah to collide with Mir Qasim, Bengal’s Nawab.

Then Prithivi Narayan Shah captured Bikram Sen, the ruler of Makwanpur. Another local chief protested to Nawab Mir Qasim about this Kanak Singh and asked for his interference. “As a result of this request, the Nabab himself passed over to send Gurgin Khan back to Patna, who came close Makwanpur where his entire military was demolished.”

Gurgin Khan’s eagerness to demonstrate the power and ability of the soldiers he had disciplined and the arillary he had educated also determined Qasim’s adventure.

The Nepalese gold lust of Gurgin Khan was another source of his earnestness to guide the journey, even though the Nawab counseled against it. Gurgin Khan wasted a large amount of his people, leaving many weapons holds.

When Prithvi Narayan Shah imposed an economic blockade against Kathmandu Valley, Makawanpur was supplying essential goods to the valley. Makawanpur wanted to side with the kingdoms in the valley.

It was in all respects the most strategically important state. On one hand, it was to be taught a lesson and on the other, the economic blockade was to be tightened. Hence, it became important for Gorkha to conquest Makawanpur at the earliest.

Gorkholi forces attacked Makawanpur on 9^th Bhadra 1819 BS and conquered it without much fighting. Digbandhan Sen fled to the south and asked refuge from the Nawab of Bengal, Mir Kasim. Digbandhan Sen wanted to take back his kingdom. So he asked Mir Kasim for military assistance. Some 2500 to 3000 troops  were  sent  to recapture Makawanpur under the command of Gurgin Khan. The Gorkhali forces surrounded them on 27th Push 1819 BS.

The Muslim forces couldn’t stand against the Gorkhali forces and fled better and skelter. A lot of arms and ammunition were collected out of this battle. Bara, Parsa, Sarlahi and Mahottari of the Terai and places around Kathmandu Valley like Dhulikhel, Panauti, Nata, Banepa etc were also captured. All these made the economic blockade to Kathmandu Valley further effective.

Second Unsuccessful Over Kirtipur in the History of Nepal

Taking advantage of this situation, Prithivi Narayan Shah once again launched an offensive on Kirtipur in 1822 BS. The Gorkhali troops failed to capture Kirtipur this time also.

They had to suffer a heavy loss of life and property. Prithivi Narayan Shah’s younger brother, After the blunder made in the first Kirtipur offensive, Prithivi Narayan Shah realized that it wasn’t that easy to conquer the Kathmandu Valley. So he decided to use both direct and indirect (diplomatic and military) means to weaken the kingdoms in the valley. He then put an economic blockade against the valley.

The valley lacked essential commodities like salt clothes etc. The blockade caused economic chaos and the crisis in the valley. Supratap Shah lost one of his eyes in this offensive.

The next approach of Prithivi Narayan Shah was to overcome all the areas around the Nepal Valley, that is, Kathmandu and the adjacent areas, thereby creating an economic crisis in attempt to make it simpler to overcome the Nepal Valley.

He invaded Kirtipur for the first time, a Patan colony and a diplomatic base controlling the Nepal Valley, but was beaten markedly (1757). He created a tight retreat from the fighting but was murdered by his minister, Kalu Pande. The death of Pande meant a great loss to the Gorkhas and it wasn’t until 1763 that they were able to start the exploration strategy.

After two embarrassing losses, Prithvi Narayan Shah invaded Kirtipur again in 1765. In Kirtipur, on his fifth try King Prithvi Narayan invaded the old town. The ferocity with which the conquerors dealt with the Kirtipur natives struck terror in the neighboring people’s hearts and facilitated the conquest.

Victory Over Kirtipur

Prithivi Narayan Shah was a man of courage and determination. Instead of being demoralized by the successive defeat on Kirtipur, he was made even more resolute to conquer it at the earliest.

So, to ensure his victory he needed to weaken Kirtipur through strategic maneuvers. He surrounded it from Panga, Chhobhar, and surrounding areas, and imposed a six-month-long blockade.

Even the supply of water was stopped. All these made the life of Kirtipurians very miserable and chaotic. There were fear and anxiety everywhere. They couldn’t even harvest their crops. Such a situation eventually forced Kirtipur to surrender to Gorkha in 1823 BS.

Conquest of the Kathmandu Valley in the Nepal History

The victory over Kirtipur directly led the way to conquer Kantipur and other kingdoms in the valley. On the day of Itndrajatra, 13^th Asoj 1825 _LBS, Gorkha launched an offensive attack against ‘Kantipur from three sides. This attack came as big surprise to Kantipur. It wasn’t mentally or otherwise prepared to face this assault. So, Kirtipur fell to Gorkha without much fighting.

In this course of the event, Patan also surrendered to Prithivi Narayan Shah on 24^th Asoj 1825 B5. Both the Kings of Kantipur and Patan, Jaya Prakash Malta and Tejnarasingh Malta fled to Bhaktapur to seek refuge.

Prithivi Narayan Shah asked the King of Bhaktapur, Ranjit Malla to hand them over to him. But as he refused to do so, GorkhaU forces invaded Bhaktapur on 28^th Kartik 1826 and captured it on 1^st Marga the same year. Thus, Prithivi Narayan Shah’s dream of the conquering of the kingdoms in the Kathmandu Valley was materialized.

He planned to hold ownership of the Kathmandu Valley after this. The invasion of all Nepal by Prithivi Narayan Shah was made simpler by the inner dissensions among the leaders of Nepal. Bhadgaon’s king Ranjit Malla requested the Gorkha Chief’s help because of his quarrel with Patan and Kathmandu’s leaders.

It should also be observed that Prithivi Narayan Shah had earlier earned over Ranjit Malla’s Satbahalyas by agreeing to abandon them with the crown and income to be satisfied with nominal sovereignty over the nation.

Prithivi Narayan Shah got Bhadgaon’s ownership and in 1767 he settled next in Patan. The fast development of the Gorkha dominions and the Gorkha energy development around the Nepal valley put Jaya Prakash Malla, Kathmandu’s chief in a siege state.

Having halted all egress and entry, Kathmandu confronted the risk of being hungry in the application. The valley was sliced off from the outside world entirely and was governed by Shah alone. Having understood that his army alone cannot defeat the Gorkhas, Jaya Prakash requested diplomatic assistance from the English in Bengal to send one of his agents to Patna to beg for help from the East India Company.

East India Company’s agents in Patna sent the signal to Bengal. The English took the chance to give a alert to Prithivi Narayan Shah and chose to dispatch a Jaya Prakash relief mission.

Legend has it that when Prithivi Narayan Shah reached Bhadgaon’s durbar, he discovered the rulers of three cities seated together, laughing together with his friends.

Prithivi Narayan Shah had spoken to Jaya Prakash Malla for a while and then placed his tribute to Ranjit Malla and requested him respectfully to proceed to govern as he had accomplished so far, even though Prithivi Narayan Shah had ruled Ranjit Malla. Ranjit Malla said that by God’s favour Prithivi Narayan Shah had acquired sovereignty and that all he requested for now was to be sent to Benaras.

Shah begged him to stay, but his remembrance was new in the presence of the slaves ‘ treachery and he would not assent. Shah gave him the vacation along with the traveling costs.

When Ranjit Malla entered the summit of the Chandragiri Paa, he drew a final look at Nepal and shouted with words in his heart, “The Satbahalyas murdered my child Bir Narsinha and gave me this sadness.” Then he bade goodbye to Taleju, Pashupatinath, and Guhyeshwari, and went to find asylum with Bisweswaranatha and Ganga.

Chaukot

The Gorkhalis battled with Dhulikhel’s individuals for six months. After that, Prithivi Narayan Shah constructed a fort on edge of Chaukot’s southern mountain and gathered a big amount of soldiers. The kajis informed him in consultation with his supporters that it was easy to take tiny towns as the individuals escaped when they heard the assailants ‘ screams, but Chaukot’s village needed unique army abilities.

After that, Chaukot was blocked by the soldiers ‘ review. Some of the individuals escaped through Basdol to Pyuthan, while others escaped to locations there. Narasinha Rai went to Mahindra Sinha Rai and said, “With the help of fifty houses, we cannot deal with the Gorkhalis. The remainder of the individuals escaped, and I came to inform you.

Mahindra Sinha reproached him, charging him with cowardice, saying, “Don’t remain for me, but escape with your life. As for me, I will repel all the Gorkhalis ‘ strength, and having gained a wonderful reputation, I will appreciate my ownership in happiness.

If I fail, I will abandon my corpse on the battlefield and receive a residence in heaven through which my children and grandsons will gain happiness. “Then he called his loyal supporters together, who were eager to secure happiness in the next universe and motivated them.

A serious fight was battled on Jestha’s 6th, which spanned from morning till dusk twelve gharis. Having wasted 131 people, the Gorkhalis withdrew. The fight was revived for fifteen days every day, with no sign being given by the Gorkhalis. A hardly disputed fight was battled on Jeth Sudi’s 6th, which persisted until night’s 14 gharis.

A soldier, standing behind Mahindra Sinha at this moment, murdered him with a khoda and a lance and injured Narasinha with a Kukri in the right knee so he dropped to the floor without any sense. The Chaukotiyas escaped when they saw this, and the village was put on flames.

The Gorkhalis wasted 201 people in this fight, giving a toll of 332 males, with the 131 murdered on the previous day. Prithivi Narayan Shah inspected the battlefield the next morning, and seeing the lifeless body of Mahindra Sinha Rai pierced with wounds, he praised his bravery and sent for his family that they might be the relative of such a brave man.

In the palace pantry, they were carried and supplied. Prithvi Narayan Shah moved to Nuwakot after this, having easily captured five towns, namely Panauti, Banepa, Nala, Khadpu, and Sanga.

Nepal History :- Attempt to Conquer Chaubisi

Being highly encouraged by the victory over the valley, Prithivi Narayan Shah sent his forces to capture the Chaubise states. But visualizing the developing situation, the five Chaubisi states: Lamjung, Tanahu, Kaski, Palpa, and Parbat had formed an aIliance.

They stood united against the GorkhaU invasion. The Gorkha troops were badly beaten back. Then Prithvi Narayan Shah held his offensive temporarily beyond River Marshyangdi in the west and focused towards the east.

Conquest of the East

There were Chaudandi and Bijaypur two main Sen states in the east. The Khambuwan and Limbuwan were autonomous administrative regions under these states. The Gorkhali forces conquered Chaudandi in 1830 BS and Bijaypur in 1831 BS.

Both the rulers of Chaudandi and Bijaypur fled to Sikkim. Thus, whole of Kirat Pradesh including Chaudandi and Bijaypur came under Gorkha rule. During Prithivi Narayan Shah’s western, the eastern boundary of Nepal expanded up to Tista River.

Facts about Prithivi narayan shah during unification

1. Prithvi Narayan Shah was the united Nepal’s main ruler.
2. It is attributable to the start of the Unified Nepal movement, to the enlargement of the Gorkha Kingdom.
3. He was king of Gorkha, born as a prince in Gorkha Kingdom, given to him by the first spouse of King Nara bhupal shah (Chandra Pravawati), though his biological mom was Kasaulyavati devi.
4. At the era of twenty he went to Gorkha’s crown.
5. King monarch secured his boundaries and kept a safe environment apart from remote ties with a individuals, at the moment the organization of the United Nations refused to trade with the Kingdom of Nepal.
6. It was crucial for unity to conquer Nuwakot as it lies between Kathmandu and the Gorkha District, rendering it a vital trade route to Tibet.
7. He got ownership of the strategic places in the mountains around the Kathmandu Valley after seizing Nuwakot.
8. Following his invasion of the Kathmandu Valley, Prithvi Narayan Shah acquired other narrower regions west of the valley to maintain out of the impact and power of British rule other lesser fiefdoms close his Gurkha state.
9. He created Kantipur the headquarters of the extended nation recognized as the Kingdom of Gorkha by King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah after his empire spread from north to west.
10. Ultimately, King Prithvi Narayan belonging to Shah was willing to seize and incorporate small principalities into Gorkha.

Untimely Death of Prithivi Narayan Shah

Prithivi Narayan Shah was not only a King and an able administrator but also a tireless warrior himself. He physically led his troops in many of the battles Gorkha fought. He had a dream of unified, greater and powerful Nepal. He wanted to resume is efforts to expanding his kingdom towards the best as soon as possible.

Ultimately, King Prithvi Narayan belonging to Shah was willing to seize and incorporate tiny principalities into Gorkha. This extension was essential because the British colonial powers had already started colonizing the tiny empires that make up India today.

Shah was persuaded that his realm would eventually be approached by British powers. He thought that the British would readily conquer 50 tiny principalities as portion of their policy of imperialism. The expansion of his reign created it harder for British army’s to travel.

His quest for development was very imaginative, particularly as he was the ruler of a comparatively tiny country encircled by strong and powerful neighbors.

At the era of 52, in January 1775, Prithvi Narayan Shah perished from his birthday at Devighat, Nuwakot. He suddenly fell ill and died an untimely death on 1^st Magh 1831 BS at Devighat, Nuwakot at 52 years. His brother, Pratap Singh Shah, followed him when he died, and his older brother, Bahadur Shah, preceded his unification campaign.

He always wanted to keep his subjects happy, united and strong. He made the people aware of corruption and other unfair activities. His tireless effort helped to unite the small states into a large country, Nepal.

Prithvi Narayan shah famous quotes or dibya upadesh

अदालतमा पनि ढकुरी जाचि डिस्ढा राख्नु मगर जाचि बिचारि थाप्नु । कचहरि पिछे यक यक पिन्डित राषि शास्त्र बमाेजिम अदालत चलाउनु । Adalat ma pani dhakuri janchi disdha rakhnu, magar chachi bichari thapnu. kachahari piche yak yak pindit rashi shastra bamojim adalat chalaunu.

Prithivi Narayan Shah

जाइ कटक नगर्नू र भिकी कटन गर्नु । Jai Katak Na garanu ra jhiki katak garanu.

Prithivi Narayan Shah

दुनिया जसदेखि रजि रहन्छ, उसैलाइ नै काजि दिनु । Duniya jas dekhi raji rahanchha, usailai nai kaji dinu.

Prithivi Narayan Shah

प्रजा माेटाे भए दरबार बलिया रहन्छ र राजाका भन्डार भनेकाे रैथानहरू हुन । Praja Moto bhaye darbar baliya rahanchha ra raja ko bhandar bhaneko raithane haru hun.

Prithivi Narayan Shah

घुस लिन्या र दिन्या दुबै दाेषी हुन । Ghus linya ra dinya dubai doshi hun.

Prithivi Narayan Shah

म भन्दा माथी मेराे देश, म भन्दा प्याराे मेराे देश Ma bhanda Mathi Mero desh, Ma Bhanda Pyaro Mero desh

Prithivi Narayan Shah

“मेरा साना दुखले आर्ज्याको मुलुक होइन यो चार बर्ण छात्तिश जात सबैको साझा फूलबारी हो सबैलाइ चेतना भया । “
– “This is not the nation gained by my trifle efforts, this is the garden of all kinds of flowers, and may all be aware of this.”

Prithivi Narayan Shah

Emailed and Written by Rijendra Maharjan & Anil Sharma, Kathmandu