Nepal

First of all, let’s go about a short description of the country Nepal. For that let’s be ready. You can get all information about Nepal related to History, Facts, Information, Map, People, Culture, Traditions, Business, Trades, Travelling, Tourism, Trekking, Heritages, Nepali Songs, Nepali Videos, Movies, Models, etc.

Facts & Information about Nepal

Nepal is our country. It is as beautiful as heaven. It’s the country of highly diverse topography, rich in culture, arts, and traditions. Because of that, all Nepal is famous for its natural beauties and unique wonders of the world.

We are also proud of beautiful rivers, lakes, and waterfalls. Nepal is very rich in water resources. There are about 6000 rivers in a small country like Nepal. Some major rivers of our country are Sapta Koshi, Sapta Gandaki, Karnali, Kali Gandaki, etc. Similarly, Rara, Phoksundo, Phewa, Satyavati, Begnas, etc are dazzling lakes of our country. Tilicho lake is located at the highest altitude of Nepal.

Another important feature that makes us feel proud is our national parks full of strange animals and birds. We can see many carnivorous and herbivorous animals like one-horned rhinoceros, elephant, tiger, etc. Similarly, 800 types of birds are found in Nepal.

Some major national parks of Nepal are National Park, Shey-Phoksundo National Park, Bardiya National Park, Rara National Park, etc. The national parks and forests of Nepal are rich in medicinal herbs.

Nepal is the birthplace of Gautam Buddha, the “Light of Asia”. It is the matter of great pride for us because Lumbini is the peerless landmark for all the Buddhist pilgrimage of the world.

Nepal is also called the country of temples. We can see artistic temples and palaces in many parts of our country. Some famous temples of Nepal are Pashupatinath, Manakamana, Ram- Janaki, Swoyambhunath, Boudhanath, Changunarayan, Muktinath, etc.  Similarly, the beautiful palaces like Patan, Bhaktapur, and Kathmandu Square. Durbar Square reflects our ancient art and architecture. All these things depict our history, art, and culture. The new generations can learn lots of things from it.

Nepal is a small country located on the continent of Asia. It is surrounded by our neighboring country India from three sides-east, west, and south. Our northern border is linked with Tibet, an autonomous part of China. The total area of Nepal is 1,47,181 sq km. It is narrow in the east and wider in the west. It is rectangular in shape. The east-west length of Nepal is 885 kilometer and the north-south length is about 193 km.

Major Cities of Nepal

The major cities of Nepal Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Biratnagar, Dharan, Itahari, Lahan, Rajbiraj, Dharan, Dhankutta, Ilam, Pokhara, Janakpur, Birgunj, Butwal, Palpa, Rupandehi, Gorahi, Tulsipur, Nepalgunj, Mahendranagar, etc

First of all, I want to say you that Most of the parts of Nepal are covered by hills and mountains. So it is a mountainous country. It is surrounded by land from all sides and there is no link with sea and ocean, therefore, Nepal is called a landlocked country. It has a diversified topography. On the basis of landform, Nepal is divided into three regions. They are:

Geographical facts about Nepal

1) Mountain Region 2) Hill Region 3) Terai Region

1. Mountain Region of Nepal

The northern part of Nepal is covered by tall mountain ranges. Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Rolwaling, Langtang, Mahalangur, Kumbhakarna, etc are the major mountain ranges that lie in this region. There are several big and small Himalayan ranges extended from east to west so this region is also called the Himalaya region.

The highest mountain in the world, Sagarmatha and the third highest mountain in the world Kanchanjungha lie in this region. It has a cold climate throughout the year and snowfall in winter. This region occupies about 15% of the total land area of Nepal.

Lifestyle in Mountain Region

If you go to the Mountain region, you will see different lifestyles. This region is also called the Himalaya region. It is cold in my place throughout the year. Snow falls here in the winter season. So people wear thick and warm clothes.

People from these place wear Bakkhu and Docha. The women of the Sherpa and Tamang community wear Pangden. Himalaya region is famous for animal rearing and fruit farming. Apple is a common fruit found in most parts of this region. The soil of my region is not fertile.

So only a few people are engaged in agriculture. Millet, barley, buckwheat, etc are the major crops of this region. Potatoes are grown everywhere. Dhindo and potatoes are the staple diets of the people of this region.

Besides animal husbandry and agriculture, tourism is another important occupation of the people of the Himalaya region. Sherpa, Thakali, Gurung, Thakuri, Jirel, etc are major ethnic groups that live in this region. Lhosar is the main festival. Most of the people follow Buddhism. Few people follow Hinduism.

the vEGETATION of Mountain Region

The plants and trees that grow naturally on the earth’s surface are called natural vegetation. Natural vegetation is affected by the climate. Natural vegetation differs according to the climate.

The natural vegetation that is found in cold places cannot exist in hot places. So we cannot grow apples in the Terai nor can we grow coconut in the Himalaya region.

Nepal is naturally divided into three geographical regions. They are Mountain, Hill, and Terai region. The climate and natural vegetation of all these three regions are different from each other.

This region lies in the northernmost part of the country. The climate of this region is very cold throughout the year. Snow falls here in the winter season. The trees found here are shaped like a cone. They have needle-like leaves that enable them to slip the snow.

These trees are called Coniferous trees. Pine, fir, spruce, etc are the major species of trees found in this region. They look green throughout the year. The northern part of this region is very cold. So, natural vegetation is very poor here. Only thorny bushes and grassland are found here.

The economy of Mountain region

Nepal is a country with diverse topography. It is divided into three regions: Terai, Hill, and Mountain. Each of these regions plays an important role in the development of the country.

The climate and landform of this region are not suitable for agriculture. The people of this region traditionally graze yaks, sheep, chyangro for milk, meat, and wool. They weave radi-pakhi (blanket) from the wool of sheep and chyangro. 

They also make chhurpi and cheese from the milk and sell it in the market. They grow cold-tolerant crops such as potatoes, barley, buckwheat, and millet, which are traded across the mountains. Fruits like apple, guava, orange, etc are grown in this region. Besides Sagarmatha, Mt. Saipal, Makalu, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Langtang, and Gaurishankar lies in this region. Many tourists visit there for mountain and trekking purposes.

So the people of this region have found work as porters, guides, cooks, and other accessories to tourism. Annapurna Conservation Area, Langtang, Namche Bazar, Makalu, etc are the major tourist centers of this region.

2. Hill Region of Nepal

First of all, I want to say you that Hill Region lies in the middle part of the country. It is made up of several big and small hills, Bensi, Tar, valley, etc. Pokhara, Kathmandu, Surkhet, etc are the important valleys located in this region. Hill region is also extended from east to west.

It is composed of Mahabharat range in the north and Chure range in the south. There are several tars in this region. Some important tars that lie in this region are Tumlingtar, Rumjatar, Palungtar, Mangaltar, Khumaltar, etc. It has a moderate climate i.e. neither too hot nor too cold. About 68% of land area of Nepal is covered by this region.

Lifestyle in Hilly Region

If you go lies in the Hill region, you will see different climates and lifestyles in a hilly region of Nepal. The climate of my place is warm. It is neither too hot nor too cold. So the men wear daura-suruwal, waistcoat, Ghalek, Bhoto, Kachhad, etc. Women wear Chaubandi, Sari, Barko Mekhli, etc.

The women of the Aathpahariya Rai community wear Chhitko Lungi. They are also fond of wearing different types of traditional ornaments like Tilahari, Mundri, Bulaki, etc. People of the Hill region are engaged in various occupations like farming, service, trade, etc.

Rai and Limbu community are mostly engaged in the British and Indian army. People of different races live in the Hill region like Rai, Limbu, Tamang, Magar, Newar, Sunuwar, Chepang, Thami, Bi’showkarma, Pariyar, Brahmin, Chhetri, etc. People of this region follow Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Kirat, Christianity, etc.

VEGETATION of Hilly Region

This region lies in the middle part of our country. The climate of this region is neither too hot nor too cold. It has a moderate climate. Rainfall takes place here in the summer season.

It has warm-wet summer and cold dry winter. Rhododendron, Katus, Okhar, Uttis, trees found in this region. These trees shed their leaves in winter. This type of tree is called deciduous.

Economic activities of the hilly region

The big cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara fall in this region. Most of the people are engaged in agriculture. The climate and soil are suitable to grow potatoes, tomatoes, oranges, millet, maize, and different types of vegetables, etc.

This region has a very pleasant climate. Many tourists are attracted by the natural beauty of this region. Pokhara is also known as the tourist hub. So many people are involved in the tourism business. Trade and business are also the major occupations of the people living in this region.

Some of the major trade and business centers of this region are Kathmandu, Pokhara, Palpa, Dhankuta, Surkhet, etc.

3. Terai Region

First of all, I want to say you that the plain land which lies in the southernmost part of Nepal is called the “Terai Region”. Like other natural regions, it is also extended from Mechi in the east to Mahakali in the west.

This region is made by the deposition of rivers that comes from hills and mountains. So it has very fertile soil. Plenty of food crops like paddy, wheat, maize, oilseed, pulse, etc are grown here.

Similarly, different types of cash crops like jute, tea, tobacco, sugarcane? are produced here. So this region is called the “Granary of Nepal.” There is a hot climate in the Terai region. About 17 % of the land area of Nepal is occupied by this region.

Lifestyle in Terai Region

If you go to Nepalgunj or Biratnagar. My house is in the Terai region. This region is very hot in the summer and warm in winter. Tharu, Yadav, Rajbansi, Kurmi, Satar, Dhimal, Muslim, Jha, Musahar, etc are the major races that live in this region.

People speak different languages like Tharu, Maithali, Bhojpuri, Urdu, Rajbansi, Dhimal, Doteli, etc. People speak Nepali too. Due to the hot climate, people mostly wear light and cotton clothes. Men wear Dhoti, Kurta, Shirt, Lungi, pant, etc. Women wear sari, blouse, petani, bona, Kurta-suruwal, etc.

The soil of this region is very fertile and irrigation facility is available in most of the sections. So agriculture is the main occupation of the people of this region. People are also involved in trades, businesses, services, animal rearing, and fishing. Dal, roti, and rice are the staple food of the people.

People of different religions like Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, etc live here. Chhath, Id, Ram Navami, Christmas, Holi, Dashain, Tihar, etc are the major festivals people celebrate in this region. Whatever race, religion, and culture we follow, we all are proud of being a Nepali. Nepal is a common garden of all races, languages, cultures, and religions.

VEGETATION of Terai Region

There is a hot climate in this region. Plenty of rainfall takes place in summer. A hot and wet climate helps the plants to grow faster. So the trees found here are tall with hardwood and thick bark.

The major species of trees found in this region are Sol, Sisau, Simal, Khayer, etc. These trees never shed their leaves and look green throughout the year. These types of trees are Tropical Evergreen.

All the vegetation found in our country is very beneficial for us. We can get plenty of timber, firewood, and medicinal herbs from this vegetation. We can make different furniture from these vegetations.

Paper and medicine industries have been operating from this vegetation. The forests of Nepal helps us to prevent flooding, landslides, and soil erosion. The dense forest helps to create rainfall and preserve the environment.

Economic activities of the Terai region

The Terai is the most productive region of Nepal. The population is high compared to another region. The majority of the country’s industries exist here. The soil is very fertile.

The climate and landform are very suitable to grow crops. The majority of people are involved in agriculture. Major crops produced here are paddy, wheat, pulses, sugarcane, jute, tobacco, and maize. It is capable of producing enough crops for the whole country.

So it is also known as “Granary of Nepal”. In the eastern districts from Parsa to Jhapa support agro-based industries like- jute factories, sugar mills, rice mills, and tobacco factories.

The fruits like mango, banana, and papaya are grown here. Besides this, beetle nut, coconut, cardamom, and tea are also grown. This region is connected with the borders of India. So there are several entry points between the Indo-Nepal border. Some major entry points are Kankarbhitta, Jogbeni, Raksaul, Bhairahawa, Rupadiya, Tanakpur, etc. These places are developed as the major trade center.

Tourism, Travel in Nepal

First of all, I want to say you that Nepal is a beautiful country on the lap of the Himalayas. Nepal is rich in natural heritage. Similarly, the intermingling of different religions and races of people has created diverse traditions, cultures, customs, and lifestyles. Several religious and cultural sites have been established in Nepal.

Hence, Nepal is also rich in cultural heritage. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has examined and selected many of these naturally, culturally, and historically significant places and included them in the list of world heritage.

UNESCO aims at preserving, and promoting its artistic value, a rare quality, and unique characteristics that identify the nation. A brief description of each of the natural and cultural heritages included in the world heritage list follows next.

Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square

First of all, I want to say you that Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square is also famous by the name of Kathmandu Durbar Square. It is situated in the heart of Kathmandu.

There are old temples, palaces, spectacular images and idols of gods, goddesses, and kings, and other unique constructions. (The name Hanumandhoka comes from the statue of Hanuman established by Pratap Malla.

Taleju temple, the Shiva Parvati temple, the temple of Kal Bhairav, the Indrapur temple, the Narayan temple, the Mahadev temple, the Mahendra temple, Coronation Nasal Chowk, the Gaddi Baitha, the statue of King Pratap Malla, the Big Bell, the Big Drum, the Jagannath temple, and the Nautale Durbar are interesting sites on the outer part of Hanumandhoka Athe Marusattal popularly known as Kasthamandap is believed to have been made out of the wood of a single tree.

Apparently, Kathmandu got its name from Kasthamandap which is located to the west of the Hanumandhoka Durbar Square.

Also located around it are Sri Ganeshthan with Ashok Vinayak and the temple of the Kuman (Living Goddess). The artistic doors, windows, corridors, and passages, the multi­lingual inscriptions inserted or installed by King Pratap Malla and the royal museum are the inner and outer attractions of the palace. The site got its name registered in the World Heritage list by UNESCO in 1972.

Patan Durbar Square

Patan Durbar Square, another remarkable site with temples, shrines chowk, ponds and taps, and other significant monuments for their antique crafts, exquisite carvings, and drawings is situated in the center of the Patan city.

This Durbar Square has three main chowk or courtyards—the Mulchowk, the Sundari chowk, and the Keshav Narayan Chowk. The Royal Bath called Thushahity, a masterpiece of stone architecture lies in the center of the Sundari Chowk. The Krishna Mandir tops the popularity of temples and shrines of Patan.

Built-in Shikhar style, it is a gorgeou> temple with twenty-one spires and is entirely made of stone. Besides, the windows of elephant bones and hides, the statue of Yog Narendra Malla, Taleju temple, etc. are other art objects of the Patan Durbar Square.

The stupas, Rato Machchhindra Nath and other various temples built during the-the period of Ashoka to the period of Malla dynasty)- still glory- the past and add to the beauty of the city.

Bhaktapur Durbar Square

Bhaktapur Durbar Square, an excellent example of cultural and ancient crafts, drawings and handicrafts, is located in the eastern part of the Kathmandu Valley.

The golden gate, one of the most beautifully and richly carved specimens of its kind m the entire world, is the main entrance to the courtyard of the palace with 55 windows, Lion gate, the magnificent statue of king Bhupatindra Malla, the Batsala temple, the bell of a barking dog- (Khicho kho gan), Sundhara Pokhan. Nyatapola Temple, Dattatreya temple, and other several temples housing gods and goddesses and other architectural -structures are also present in the Bhaktapur Durbar Square.

This site got its name registered in the Wolrd Heritage list by UNESCO in 1979.

Pashupatinath temple

Pashupatinath temple site is considered one of the holiest spots for Hindus all over the world. The two-storied pagoda-style temple with golden roof enshrining the most famous and most venerated Shivalaya is the main attraction.

Guheswori temple, dedicated to Shiva’s consort Sati with the open arched roof of tubular metalwork and four gilded snakes at the top supporting the pinnacle lies close to the Pashupatinath temple site. Another famous temple near the edge of the site is Jayabageshwori—a mind-blowing architecture design including large murals.

The Shies Mantak forest, Kailash, Deupatan, Kutambaha, Gaushala, Pinganath, and Ghat around the Pashupatinath temple have made the surrounding environment attractive and worth seeing. There are about 492 temples built in various designs, Satal, Chaitya, Dewalayae, etc. and about one thousand Shivalingas as well.

The site was enlisted in the World Heritage list by UNESCO in 1972.

The Swayambhunath stupa

First of all, I want to say you that Swayambhu means ‘Self-Created’ who is also believed to be the creator and destroyer, too The main chaitya, about 2000 years old, is one of the world’s most pious Buddhist Chaityas.

There are two white dome-shaped temples called Anantapur and Pratappur on either side and five Buddhas around the main Chaitya. Goddess Harati, Karma Raja Mahavihara monastery, Akshobhya Buddhas, the biggest statue of Lord Buddha, in Nepal, etc. are other significant things to see and worship.

The Swayambhunath site also maintains religious tolerance by concealing Manjushri, the goddess of wisdom to Buddhists and Saraswati. the goddess of knowledge to Hindus in the same temple. This site was enlisted in the world heritage list in 1979 by UNESCO.

The Boudhanath Stupa

The Boudhanath site, located about 8 km east of Kathmandu, consists of a colossal Buddhist chaitya, the biggest Lamaist temple in the world. Built-in the fifth century, the Chaitya has all-seeing eyes of Buddha just above the dome watching in all four directions. Ajima, five Gompas (Tibetan monasteries), and over 45 Buddha Vihars also add to the beauty and importance of the site. Its name was enlisted in the World Heritage site in 1979.

Lumbini

Lumbini, the birthplace of Shakyamuni Gautama Buddha, is the most sacred place for the Buddhists. Many domestic and international Buddhist devotees visit this site to worship.

The site has a stone pillar erected by Ashoka for commemorating the birth of Lord Buddha and his visit to this sacred place around 245 BC. The inscription on the pillar confirms an ancient garden in Lumbini as well as the birthplace of Buddha.

The Mayadevi temple and the Puskarini Pokhari, the birthing center of Siddhartha Gautama, are other ancient attractions of Lumbini.

A master plan was implemented by the International Lumbini Development Committee, consisting of 13 countries including Nepal, in 1970. From then on, China, Myanmar, Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, India. Thailand, Germany, France, Mongolia, and some other countries have been constructing Buddha Vihar in the site.

Some buildings for the proposed university, a library, a museum and a research center in the vicinity also add to the attractions of Lumbini.

Changu Narayan Temple

Changu Narayan Temple, supposed to be the oldest dated temple of Nepal, is located about 13 km east of Kathmandu and 4 km north of Bhaktapur. This pagoda-style temple housing the statue of Lord Vishnu was built by Man Dev, the first historical king of Nepal.

This temple and its surrounding are rich in splendid architectural design, inscriptions, carvings, and handicrafts. The Lichchhavi and Malla kings observed Sri Champak or Changu Narayan with great devotion and respect. Today, Hindus and Buddhists worship Lord Vishnu of Changu, and many foreigners also visit it.

Indreswor Mahadev Temple is standing few meters west of the Tribenighat (Tri-rivers junction) of Panauti and is the Tapalrajvansawali. one of the oldest chronicles of Nepal. Originally it was constructed by princess Biramadevi of Panauti in 1294 A.D.

After nearly nine decades of its construction the temple was renovated and the golden pinnacle was offered by king Jaya Singh Ram Vardhan in 1383 A.D. In 1816 A.D., the temple was renovated again and the uppermost roof was made of gold gilded copper sheets at the time of King Surendra Bir Bikram Shah.

Lastly, it was conserved in its original form during 1992-1996 A.D. by Kavre Integrated project run by the Department of Archaeology of Nepal under the financial support of the French Government.

This is one of the oldest and best specimens of traditional multi-roofed style Nepalese temple architecture. Wooden art on the doors, windows, and struts is another important attraction of this temple.

The carvings of these struts are outstanding significant to the Nepalese wooden craft of medieval times. Inside the sanatorium of the temple, a Shivalinga is installed as a main venerable object.

Chitwan National Park

Chitwan National Park, the oldest national park of Nepal, was delineated in 2030 BS as a heritage site. Situated about 120 km south-west of Kathmandu, this national park occupies an area of 932 sq. km. of forests, marshes, and rivers of the Terai.

This national park protects and preserves several rare and endangered wildlife like the one-horned rhinoceros, several species of deer, sloth bear, leopard, wild boar, elephant, freshwater dolphin, crocodile, more than 350 species of birds and the elusive Royal Bengal tiger.

This national park was an area of ‘big game’ in the past and now it is a potent ground for researchers, observers, and nature lovers.

Sagarmatha National Park

Established in 2033 BS., Sagarmatha National Park covers a total area of 1,148 sq. km. of the Khumbu region, north-east of the country. Named after Mt. Sagarmatha. this national park comprises Mt Everest (Sagarmatha). the highest peak of the world. Lhotse. the fourth highest, Nuptse, Choyu, Pumori, Amadablam, Thamserku, and some other world-famous mountain peaks.

This national park also encompasses the variety of vegetations like rhododendron, various species of pine, fir, spruce, etc. and several high altitude animals, birds, and reptiles like deer, snow leopard, bear, squirrel, and pheasant. This national park lures a big number of domestic as well as international tourists every year.

Apart from the natural and cultural heritages included in the World Heritage List, many other such heritages are found in various parts of the country. Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Kanchanjangha Conservation Area, Shivapuri National Park.

Annapurna Conservation Area, Bardiya National Park, and Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve are some of the notable natural heritages of Nepal. Similarly, Swargadwari of Pyuthan, Haleshi of Khotang, Goshainkunda of Rasuwa, Muktinath of Mustang, Pathivhara of Taplejung, Ramjanaki of Janakpur, Siddhababa of Kanchanpur and Ram Mandir of Bajhang are the exemplary religious and cultural sites of Nepal.

It is our responsibility to safeguard, promote, and increase the natural and cultural heritage of Nepal.

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Major festivals of Nepal

The main festivals of Nepal are Dashain, Tihar, holi, Chhath, Shivratri, new year, buddha Jayanti, loser, Janai Purnima, Teej, etc.

Trade and Business in Nepal:

First of all, I want to say you that There are different landmarks in our country. There are 14 mountains in the world having a height above 8000 meters. Among them, eight mountain peaks are in Nepal including the highest peak of the world Mt. Sagarmatha. Some other famous mountains are Mt. Kanchanjungha, Makalu, Lhotse, Machhapuchhre, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Choyu, etc.

Trade and business activities.

It involves buying, transporting, selling, exporting and importing of goods and services. Trae and business are some of the economic activities that many people are involved in.

Nepal exports mainly raw materials, woolen carpets, ready-made garments, handy crafts, spices, tea, coffee, etc. It imports a lot of things like petroleum products, machinery, vehicles, electric and electronic goods, medicines, garments, etc. Nepal is in a trade deficit with all the trading countries.

Foreign trade of Nepal

Foreign trade plays an important role in the development of a country like Nepal.

Importance of Foreign Trade for Nepal

• helps to expand and develop industries
• earns foreign currencies, and place in the international market
• spreads our goods and services to other countries
• creates employment opportunities
• promotes international relationship
• enables the country to import appropriate technologies
• supplies goods not produced in their own country

Problems of Foreign Trade in Nepal

First of all, I want to say you that Foreign trade is not in favor of Nepal. It is not in balance. There are several problems in foreign trade: landlocked-ness, open border with India, high import and low export, low-quality goods, a high cost of production, low capital formation, tough competition, lack of proper policy, etc.

Land locked-ness

Nepal, being a landlocked country, has no seaports. She has to travel through India to be able to use Indian ports. Quite often do come unexpected transit problems often occur frequently. Transportation costs, demurrage charges, and insurance charges make the goods more expensive. It takes a longer time as well.

Open Border:

Nepal, which is bordered by India on three sides, has an open border policy with India. There is a large flow of Indian goods at a cheap price. At borders, on one hand, Indian goods are smuggled in and imported foreign goods out into India through unofficial routes. Individuals and businessmen get a high benefit but the country gains a little. This has been hurting foreign trade badly.

High Import and Low Export:

Nepal imports more than it exports both in terms of items and value. Most of the things exported are agricultural products, handicrafts, and raw materials, which don’t earn much. It imports a lot of goods of daily uses and also expensive luxurious items. This has caused a tremendous trade imbalance.

Low-quality Goods High Cost of Production:

Nepal doesn’t have yet well-developed industrial base. Its products are generally of a low quality/At the same time, due to various reasons, the cost of production is also high. This makes Nepali products unable to compete in international markets.

Low Capital Formation:

There are very limited economic activities in Nepal. The infrastructures for development and industrial base are not well developed. There lacks a favorable environment for both private and foreign investment which means there is very little capital formation in the country. This is not a favorable situation for international trade.

Tough Competition:

International trade is becoming more and more competitive. Many countries export quality goods at a lower rate to increase their share in international trade. Nepal lacks the skill, resources, technologies, and support bases to compete in the international markets. Some countries do have the even policy of protecting their own industries and products and give subsidies to their products.

Lack of Proper Trade Policy:

Nepal has adopted a liberal trade policy since 1990. According to this policy, Nepal has been following an open door policy. This allows the uncontrolled flow of foreign goods into Nepal, whereas Nepal doesn’t have the capacity to counter this. This is causing a large trade deficit. There lacks proper trade policy due to political instability and lack of political commitment.

Solutions for Foreign Trade in Nepal

• Enhance industrial base
• Promote export-oriented goods
• Give appropriate incentives to exports
• Improve the quality of goods
• Adopt proper trade policies

The executive body of Nepal

First of all, I want to say you that The executive body of Nepal is under the constitution of Nepal 2072. The executive is one of the important organs of the state. It is the law executing the body. It executes or translates the laws made by the legislature to action. It is also known as the Government or the Cabinet or the Council of Ministers.

It prepares development programs and formulates policies according to the existing laws. In the countries practicing the parliamentary system of government like in the UK, India, and Bangladesh, the Prime Minister is the chief or head of the Executive or the Government.

In such countries, the King/Queen or the President is the Head of State, yet remains only as an esteemed institution, exercises no executive powers but acts only as recommended by the Council of Ministers.

In the case of Nepal, the Prime Minister is the head of the Federal Executive. The Federal Executive body is formed under the chairmanship of Prime minister. According to the constitution of Nepal 2072, the president can appoint, the parliamentary party leader of the political party with the majority in the House of Representatives as a Prime minister.

Council of Ministers can be formed under the chairmanship of Prime minister. If there is no clear majority of any political party president can appoint as a Prime Minister to the member of House of Representatives who has a clear majority with the support of other political parties having representation in the house of Representatives.

Nepal Judiciary System

First of all, I want to say you that the Judiciary is one of the important organs of the state, It interprets laws and constitution and makes legal decisions. It examines civil and criminal cases and punishes wrongdoers. It safeguards the constitution and other laws of the land.

The judicial power of Nepal is exercised by the Supreme Courts, its subordinate courts, and judicial institutions. Municipalities and village development committees to exercise certain judicial powers on minor cases of local interests.

Levels of Courts in Nepal

There are three levels of Courts in Nepal: District Court, Appellate Court, and Supreme court but the Constitution of Nepal 2072 BS has the clear provision of three levels of courts which are the supreme court, High court and District court.

District Courts

District Courts remain at the district level. Each district consists of one district court. The local level indicial institutions established according to the provincial law remains under the district court. The district court can inspect, supervise, and issue necessary instructions to the subordinate judicial institutions.

A Nepali who is a graduate in law holding a gazetted second class post in the judiciary for at least three years or a law graduate with at least eight years of experience in advocacy can be appointed as a District Judge by the chief justice on the recommendation of the judicial council.

High Court

The High Court is in between the district court and the supreme court. In each province, there shall be one High Court. A person who is not satisfied with the verdict of the district court can appeal to the high court. In addition to the chief judge, every High court shall have judges in number as provided by federal law and they are appointed by the chief justice on the recommendation of the judicial council.

Qualifications to be the judge of High Court

The followings are the criteria and qualifications to be appointed as a Judge of the Appellate Court:

1. Must be a Nepali citizen
2. Must be a graduate in law with at least 5 years of experience as a District Judge or in a First Class Gazetted post in the judicial service or
3. Must be a graduate in law with at least 10 years practice as a senior advocate or advocate or
4. Must be a graduate with 10 years of teaching and research experience in the legal or judicial sector.

Supreme Court

This is the apex or highest level of the judiciary. It is also the court of records. All of its proceedings are recorded for perpetual memory and testimony. As the guardian of the citizens, it safeguards their fundamental rights. It is the ultimate interpreter of the constitution.

It is also the highest court of appeal. If a person is not satisfied with the decision given by the High Court, he or she can file a case in the Supreme Court. Its decision or verdict is the ultimate and binding.